Model selection and multimodel inference for standardizing catch rates of bycatch species: a case study of oceanic whitetip shark in the Hawaii-based longline fishery

نویسندگان

  • Jon Brodziak
  • William A. Walsh
چکیده

One key issue for standardizing catch per unit effort (CPUE) of bycatch species is how to model observations of zero catch per fishing operation. Typically, the fraction of zero catches is high, and catch counts may be overdispersed. In this study, we develop a model selection andmultimodel inference approach to standardize CPUE in a case study of oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) bycatch in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Alternative hypotheses for shark catch per longline set were characterized by the variance to mean ratio of the count distribution. Zero-inflated and non-inflated Poisson, negative binomial, and delta-gamma models were fit to fishery observer data using stepwise variable selection. Alternative hypotheses were compared using multimodel inference. Results from the best-fitting zero-inflated negative binomial model showed that standardized CPUE of oceanic whitetip sharks decreased by about 90% during 1995–2010 because of increased zero catch sets and decreased CPUE on sets with positive catch. Our model selection approach provides an objective way to address the question of how to treat zero catches when analyzing bycatch CPUE. Résumé :Un des grands défis associés à la normalisation des captures par unité d’effort (CPUE) des espèces constituant des prises accessoires est la modélisation des observations de prises nulles par activité de pêche. La proportion de prises nulles est typiquement élevée et les nombres de prises peuvent s’avérer surdispersés. Nous avons mis au point une approche de sélection de modèle et d’inférence multi-modèle pour la normalisation des CPUE dans une étude de cas des prises accessoires de requins à longues nageoires (Carcharhinus longimanus) dans la pêche pélagique à la palangre basée à Hawaii. Différentes hypothèses concernant les prises de requins par palangre ont été caractérisées à l’aide du rapport de la variance à la moyenne de la distribution des nombres. Différents modèles, de Poisson avec et sans inflation de zéros, binomial négatif et delta-gamma, ont été ajustés à des données de pêche recueillies par des observateurs en utilisation la sélection de variables pas à pas. L’inférence multi-modèle a été utilisée pour comparer les différentes hypothèses. Les résultats dumodèle binomial négatif avec inflation de zéros, celui qui colle le mieux aux données, montrent que les CPUE normalisées de requins à longues nageoires ont diminué d’environ 90 % de 1995 à 2010 en raison de l’augmentation des palangres avec prises nulles et de la diminution des CPUE de palangres avec prises positives. Notre approche de sélection de modèle constitue une façon objective d’aborder la question du traitement des prises nulles dans l’analyse des CPUE de prises accessoires. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2013